Eric G. Poon, Christy Harris Lemak, Juan C. Rojas, Janet Guptill, and David Classen, “Adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare: Survey of health system priorities, successes, and challenges,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 32, no. 7 (2025): pp. 1093–1100.
IT Executives Council, “Why IT budgets are under more scrutiny than ever,” Feb. 3, 2025.
Seth A. Bata and Terry Richardson, “Value of investment as a key driver for prioritization and implementation of healthcare software,” Perspectives in Health Information Management 15 (Winter 2018): 1g; Prateek Bharadwaj, Lauren Nicola, Manon Breau-Brunel, Federica Sensini, Neda Tanova-Yotova, Petar Atanasov, Franziska Lobig, and Michael Blankenburg, “Unlocking the value: quantifying the return on investment of hospital AI,” Journal of the American College of Radiology 21, no. 10 (2024): pp. 1677–1685.
A. Jay Holmgren, Susan McBride, Bryan Gale, and Sarah Mossburg, “Technology as a tool for improving patient safety,” Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, March 29, 2023.
Response to the open-ended survey question “Please describe how your organization defines the value realized by enterprise-wide technology initiatives.”
Ibid.
Ibid.
Jeanna Vazquez, “Study: AI surveillance tool successfully helps to predict sepsis, saves lives,” press release, University of California San Diego Health, Jan. 23, 2024.
Daniel J. Bennett, Jean Feng, Seth Goldman, et al., “Reducing readmissions in the safety net through AI and automation,” American Journal of Managed Care 31, no. 3 (2025): pp. 142–148.
HealthManagement, “Managing technical debt in healthcare: A path to modernisation,” Oct. 2, 2024.
Mike Larsen, “Healthcare organizations shouldn’t delay addressing technical debt,” HealthTech Magazine, Dec. 21, 2023.
HealthManagement, “Managing technical debt in healthcare.”
Erik Decker, Robert Wood, Dr. Syed Mohiuddin, Douglas Nock, and Akshay Venugopalan, “Hospital cyber resiliency initiative landscape analysis hospital cyber resiliency initiative landscape analysis,” Department of Human Health and Services, 2023.
Mona Liddell, “Solving the tech debt problem while staying competitive and secure,” CIO, Aug. 1, 2024.
Ericka Chickowski, “When technical debt strikes the security stack,” CSO, Sept. 24, 2024.
Erin Laviola, “What is technical debt, and how is healthcare managing it?” HealthTech Magazine, Sept. 26, 2024.
Kersten Bartelt, Neil Sandberg, Dan Gantman, Louis Kazaglis, and Eric Barkley, “Patient portal use associated with 21 million fewer visit no-shows in 2024,” Epic Research, July 1, 2025.
EpicShare, “Reducing wait times and boosting revenue with patient self-scheduling and text reminders for imaging,” June 9, 2025.
Jasmine Laws, “America’s health care time bomb,” Newsweek, Sept. 23, 2025.
Maureen Medlock, Olive O’Rourke, Ken Abrams, Lindsay Scollin, Hemnabh Varia, and Richa Malhotra, , “Clinician engagement is key to driving effective cost and tech change at health systems,” Deloitte Insights, Aug. 12, 2025.
Ibid.
Eileen Radis, Bill Fera, Sarah Szpaichler, Lauren O’Hanlon, Natasha Elsner, and Richa Malhotra, “Technology and health care workforce: restoring purpose in health care work through technology and workforce innovation,” Deloitte Insights, May 21, 2024.
Emily Olsen, “Nuance’s AI clinical scribe integrated with Epic is now generally available,” Healthcare Dive, Jan. 19, 2024; Syed Hamza Sohail, “Suki integrates ambient AI solution with MEDITECH’s Expanse EHR,” HIT Consultant, July 1, 2025; Reuters, “Healthcare startup Abridge raises $250 million to enhance AI capabilities,” Feb. 17 2025.
Ryan Deto, “AI scribe giant Abridge touts Pittsburgh roots,” Axios, March 10, 2025.
Matthew J. Duggan, Julietta Gervase, Anna Schoenbaum, William Hanson, John T. Howell, Michael Sheinberg, and Kevin B. Johnson, “Clinician experiences with ambient scribe technology to assist with documentation burden and efficiency,” JAMA Network Open 8, no. 2 (2025): pp. e2460637–e2460637.
Jacqueline G. You et al., “Ambient documentation technology in clinician experience of documentation burden and burnout,” JAMA Network Open 8, no. 8 (2025).
Emma Beavins, “Ambience delivers strong financial returns for St. Luke’s health system,” Fierce Healthcare, June 20, 2025.
Aaron A. Tierney et al., “Ambient artificial intelligence scribes to alleviate the burden of clinical documentation,” NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 5, no. 3 (2024): pp. 692–694; Peterson Health Technology Institute (PHTI), “Adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare delivery systems: Early applications and impacts,” March 2025.
Ibid.
George A. Gellert et al., “How virtual triage can improve patient experience and satisfaction: a narrative review and look forward,” Telemedicine Reports 4, no. 1 (2023): pp. 292–306.
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